Persepolis  
   Ancient capital of Persia, now located around 50 kilometers from Shiraz in Iran. Its name has Greek roots, meaning City of Persians.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?persepolis.htm

Palestine  
   Republic in the Middle East with 3.5 million inhabitants.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?palestin.htm

Palestine National Charter  
   Document that served as the foundations of the Palestinian struggle for an independent state.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?pal_nc.htm

Peres, Shimon  
   Israeli politician who has been elected prime minister of his country, in three different periods.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?peres_sh.htm

Psametik I  
   Egyptian Pharaoh that reigned from 663 to 610 BCE, and was founder of the 26th dynasty.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?psametik_1.htm

Persia  
   Name for the Iranian plateau, comprising today's Iran and Afghanistan. The name originally came from a small area in southern Iran, but it was used by the Greeks while referring to the whole region.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?persia.htm

Persian Gulf  
   Gulf bordering Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?pers_glf.htm

Pesach  
   Jewish celebration of Easter. It is also called Passover, which actually is the correct translation of the Hebrew word 'pesach'.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?pesach.htm

Petra  
   Ancient city in Jordan, west of the city of Ma'an in the southern part of the country. It is a former capital of the Nabateans.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?petra.htm

Pharaoh  
   The term was originally used for the residence of the king, and means "great house". Gradually the term came to refer the king.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?pharaoh.htm

PLO  
   Palestine Liberation Organization founded in Jerusalem, 1964.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?plo.htm

Polisario  
   Army of Western Sahara that prevented the invasion of the Moroccan and the Mauritanian.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?polisari.htm

Port Said  
   City in Egypt, situated on the Mediterranean Sea, and at the northern end of the Suez Canal.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?portsaid.htm

Ptolemaic dynasty  
   Pharaonic reign in ancient Egypt that lasted for a period of 297 years, from 323 BC until 30 BC, until it was ended by Roman annexation.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemaic_dynasty.htm

Ptolemy I  
   King of Egypt from 323 until 285 BCE and father of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His most important achievements were to declare Alexandria as the capital of his rule, and the foundation of the Library of Alexandria.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_1.htm

Ptolemy II  
   King of Egypt and second in the Ptolemaic dynasty. 309- 246 BCE.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_2.htm

Ptolemy III  
   King of Egypt and third in the dinasty. During his reign the control over Cyrenaica was strengthened, and also invaded Syria.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_3.htm

Ptolemy IV  
   King of Egypt who was characterized by military defeats in Syria, as well as upheavals in Egypt.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_4.htm

Ptolemy V  
   King of Egypt, fifth in the Dinasty. 210-181 BCE.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_5.htm

Ptolemy VI  
   King of Egypt that endured attacks from the country neighbors. He lived at the start of the internal conflicts that broke the Ptolemaic dynasty.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_6.htm

Ptolemy VII  
   King of Egypt. He is sometimes presented as Ptolemy 8 since there was a brief period where his nephew was king.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_7.htm

Ptolemy XI  
   One of the last kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty.. He got aid from the Romans in order to control his country.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_11.htm

Ptolemy XII  
   King of Egypt that is most known for his attempt to remove his sister Cleopatra from her position.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_12.htm

Punic Wars  
   Collective name on the wars between the Punic city state of Carthage and Rome. The first war started at 264 BCE, and the last one ended at 146.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?punic_wr.htm

Purim  
   Festival commemorating the salvation of the Jews from the threat of destruction by the Persian king. This story is recorded in the Book of Esther.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?purim.htm

Pyramids  
   Architectural structure that served as tombs. The first one was erected around 2700 BC.
   http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?pyramids.htm