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ABC HOME: Top: Reference: Encyclopedias: Subject_Encyclopedias: Spartacus_Educational: Socialism_and_the_Labour_Movement:

Socialism and the Labour Movement

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Jeremy Bentham Open in a new browser window  
   Philosopher, legal theorist and reformer, and political radical. Argued in favor of universal suffrage, annual parliaments and vote by ballot in his book, Constitutional Code. Includes excerpts. (1748-1832)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbentham.htm
Henry Hetherington Open in a new browser window  
   Published a series of radical newspapers and punished for his activities. Campaigned against child labor, the 1834 Poor Law and political corruption. Includes excerpts from writings about his viewpoints and activities. (1792-1849)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRhetherington.htm
Tom Paine Open in a new browser window  
   Journalist and author of Common Sense, a pamphlet that attacked the British Monarchy and argued for American independence. Wrote The Rights of Man, in which he attacked hereditary government and argued for equal political rights. The book also recommend
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpaine.htm
Richard Carlile Open in a new browser window  
   Publisher of a radical newspaper, The Republican. Served prison term for violation of seditious libel laws. Strong supporter of women's rights and campaigned against child labor. Includes excerpts from his writings. (1790-1843)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcarlile.htm
Mary Wollstonecraft Open in a new browser window  
   Wrote a pamphlet, A Vindication of the Rights of Man, in which she opposed the slave trade, the game laws and way that the poor were treated. In another book, Vindication of the Rights of Women, she argued for the equality of women. (1759-1797)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwollstonecraft.htm
Robert Blatchford Open in a new browser window  
   Founded the Manchester Fabian Society and published a socialist newspaper, The Clarion. Changed his views on equal rights and strongly opposed the policies of the NUWSS and the WSPU. (1851-1943)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jblatchford.htm
Fanny Wright Open in a new browser window  
   Wrote book, Views of Society and Manners in America, which praised America's experiments in democracy. Advocated socialism, the abolition of slavery, universal suffrage, free secular education, birth control, changes in the marriage and divorce laws. (17
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REwright.htm
Elizabeth Pease Open in a new browser window  
   Supported of universal suffrage and believed that most of the problems afflicting British society was due to "class legislation". Became member of the Peace Society and the Temperance Society and also took part in the anti-vivisection campaign.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REpeaseE.htm
Thomas Muir Open in a new browser window  
   Was a lawyer and critic of a legal system that he believed was biased in favor of the rich. Advocated parliamentary reform. (1765-1799)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmuir.htm
Thomas Spence Open in a new browser window  
   Radical journalist and advocate for women's rights. Campaigned for changes in the law to make it possible for working people to be able to obtain a divorce. Includes excerpts from his writings. (1750-1814)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRspence.htm
John Stuart Mill Open in a new browser window  
   Wrote a large number of books on philosophy and economics, including A System of Logic; Principles of Political Economy; On Liberty; Considerations on Representative Government; and Utilitarianism. Served in the House of Commons. (1806-1873)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmill.htm
William Hazlitt Open in a new browser window  
   Essayist and critic. Attacked William Pitt and his government's foreign policy. Wrote articles and pamphlets on political corruption and the need to reform the voting system. Includes photo and excerpts of his political writing. (1778-1830)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhazlitt.htm
Robert Owen Open in a new browser window  
   Established four textile factories in New Lanark and was a strong advocate of factory reform. Formed a new community in New Harmony, Indiana based on his socialist ideas. Expressed his views in his journals, The Crisis and The New Moral World. Includes ex
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRowen.htm
Karl Marx Open in a new browser window  
   Born in Trier, Germany. Features a brief discussion of his life and works, including The Communist Manifesto. Includes excerpts from his writings. (1818-1883)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmarx.htm
Friedrich Engels Open in a new browser window  
   Eldest son of a successful German industrialist. Collaborated with Karl Marx which resulted in the writing of the Communist Manifesto. It summarized the forthcoming revolution and the nature of the communist society that would be established by the prol
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUengels.htm
Frederick Denison Maurice Open in a new browser window  
   Wrote The Kingdom of Christ (1838) in which he argued that politics and religion are inseparable. Suggested a socialist alternative to the economic principles of laissez faire. Joined with Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hughes to form the Christian Social
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REmaurice.htm
James Bronterre O'Brien Open in a new browser window  
   Journalist and editor of the Poor Man's Guardian. Active in the Chartist movement and was arrested and charged with making a seditious speech in Manchester. Wrote for other publications, such as The Reynolds Weekly and the Glasgow Sentinel. (1805-1864)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHobrien.htm
George Julian Harney Open in a new browser window  
   Publisher of newspaper, The Red Republican, in which he attempted to educate his working class readers about socialism and internationalism. He also attempted to convert the trade union movement to socialism. (1817-1897)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHharney.htm
Ernest Jones Open in a new browser window  
   Joined the Chartist movement and soon became a follower of Feargus O'Connor. Considered himself a socialist, and suggested that Chartism should become a "workers' party". (1819-1869)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHjones.htm
Annie Besant Open in a new browser window  
   Noted Socalist, women's rights, and trade union activist during the late 1800's and early 1900's. Member of the Secular Society; wrote and published her own book advocating birth control entitled The Laws of Population.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbesant.htm
John Ruskin Open in a new browser window  
   Was one of Britain's leading writers on culture. Became interested in politics. In his books he argued against competition and self-interest and advocated a form of Christian Socialism. (1819-1900)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jruskin.htm
Christian Socialism Open in a new browser window  
   Movement which advocated socialism on religious and moral grounds.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REsocialism.htm
Social Democratic Federation Open in a new browser window  
   First Marxist political group in Britain. Includes brief history and commentaries.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Psocial.htm
Fabian Society Open in a new browser window  
   Socialist debating group formed in 1884. Includes brief history and commentaries.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Pfabian.htm
Socialist League Open in a new browser window  
   Formed when a few members of the Social Democratic Federation decided to leave the SDF. Published a manifesto that advocated revolutionary international socialism. The group also produced its own journal, Commonweal. Organization disbanded in 1901.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUleague.htm
Independent Labour Party Open in a new browser window  
   Formed in 1893, under the leadership of Keir Hardie. Features brief history and commentaries. Includes excerpts from various writers.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Pilp.htm
The Labour Party Open in a new browser window  
   Features brief history, total votes and percentages in general elections covering the years from 1900-1987. Includes posters and short commentaries.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Plabour.htm
The Poor Man's Guardian Open in a new browser window  
   Published by Henry Hetherington in 1831 and closely associated with the National Union of the Working Classes. Argued that the real struggle was for universal suffrage. Ceased publication in 1835.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpoor.htm
The Republican Open in a new browser window  
   Radical journal first published as Sherwin's Political Register in 1817 by Richard Carlile, a journalist. After full report of the Peterloo Massacre, Carlile changed the journal's name. He was guilty of blasphemy and seditious libel. Sentenced to three
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRrepublican.htm
Manchester Chronicle Open in a new browser window  
   Tory newspaper founded by Charles Wheeler in 1781. Achieved popularity with readers who opposed social reform. Ceased publication in 1842. Includes several excerpts from the August 21, 1819 edition.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRchronicle.htm
The Black Dwarf Open in a new browser window  
   A radical unstamped journal, which was critical of Lord Liverpool and his government. Regularly called for parlementary reform.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRblack.htm
The Northern Star Open in a new browser window  
   First edition published by Feargus O'Connor in 1837. Contained reports on Chartist meets all over Britain and its letter's page enabled supporters to join the debate on parliamentary reform. Ceased publication in December, 1852.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHnorthern.htm
The Red Republican Open in a new browser window  
   Newspaper established by George Julian Harney. Attempted to educate working class readers about socialism and internationalism. Ceased publication in December, 1850.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHrepublican.htm
Justice Open in a new browser window  
   Weekly newspaper published by the Social Democratic Federation in 1884. Continued publication until 1925.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jjustice.htm
The Clarion Open in a new browser window  
   A socialist weekly established by Robert Blatchford in 1890.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jclarion.htm
The Labour Elector Open in a new browser window  
   Founded by Henry Hyde Champion, Tom Mann and John Burns in 1888. Paper campaigned for the eight-hour day, denounced bad employers and criticized trade union Liberal MPs in the House of Commons.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jlabour.htm
The Commonweal Open in a new browser window  
   Socialist journal of the late 1800`s.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jcommonweal.htm
The Bee-Hive Open in a new browser window  
   A trade union weekly newspaper established in 1861, biased heavily towards socialist and labour issues.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbeehive.htm
Tom Mann Open in a new browser window  
   Joined the Amalgamated Society of Engineers and soon afterwards participated in his first strike. He also became a member of the Fabian Society and the Battersea branch of the Social Democratic Federation. Leading trade unionist and advocated the eight-h
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REmann.htm
The New Statesman Open in a new browser window  
   Journal of the Fabian Society and first published in 1912. Became Britain's leading intellectual weekly under editorship of Kingsley Martin.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jstatesman.htm
Lansbury's Labour Weekly Open in a new browser window  
   Left-wing newspaper first published in 1925. Rapidly reached a circulation of 172,000 and provided an important source of news during the 1926 General Strike. Ceased publication in 1927.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jlansbury.htm
Tribune Open in a new browser window  
   Left-wing weekly newspaper first published in 1936. Mission was to recreate the Labour Party as a truly socialist organization.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jtribune.htm
Charles Kingsley Open in a new browser window  
   Clergyman, novelist and poet active in the socalist movement of the late 1800's. Author of The Water Babies. Includes short biography and photo. (1810-1875)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REkingsley.htm
Thomas Hughes Open in a new browser window  
   Novelist, reformist and jurist. Helped form the Christian Socialist movement. Author of Tom Brown's Schooldays. Includes short biography and photo. (1822-1896)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REhughes.htm
James Keir Hardie Open in a new browser window  
   Elected to House of Commons and campaigned for the reform of Parliament. Supported the women's suffrage movement, the payment of MPs and the abolition of the House of Lords. As a pacifist tried to organize a national strike against Britain's participation
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhardie.htm
Stewart Headlam Open in a new browser window  
   Ordained and appointed curate of St. John's Church in Drury Lane. Argued for a tax on land and the redistribution of wealth as a means of ending poverty. He also denounced wealth as robbery and inconsistent with Christianity. Became a leader in the Fabia
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REheadlam.htm
Ethel Annakin Snowden Open in a new browser window  
   Active in the Labour party during the early 1900s, helped form a branch of the Nation Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in Leeds. Was a pacifist and refused to support Britain's involvement in the First World War. Active member of the Women's Peace Crus
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wsnowden.htm
Ben Tillett Open in a new browser window  
   Led a strike at Tilbury Dock; became involved in the London Dock Strike; one of England's leading socialists.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REtillett.htm
Margaret McMillan Open in a new browser window  
   Christian Socialist who, with her sister Rachel, helped workers during the London Dock Strike. Concentrated on trying to improve the physical and intellectual welfare of children living in the slums and led campaigns for school lunch programs and clinics.
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmcmillan.htm
George Lansbury Open in a new browser window  
   Labour member of Parliament. Reformer who campaigned against poverty and for woman suffrage. A lifelong pacifist, he defended conscientious objectors during World War I. (1859-1940)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRlansbury.htm
Rachel McMillan Open in a new browser window  
   Christian Socialist who, with her sister Margaret, helped workers during the London Dock Strike. Concentrated on trying to improve the physical and intellectual welfare of children living in the slums and led campaigns for school lunch programs and clini
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WmcmillanR.htm
Katharine Glasier Open in a new browser window  
   Christian Socialist who supported the campaign for complete adult suffrage. Became editor of the Labour Leader newspaper and took an anti-war stand. Includes excerpts from various writings. (1867-1950)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wglasier.htm
John Burns Open in a new browser window  
   Appointed as President of the Board of Trade in 1914. Opposed to Britain's involvement in a European conflict and along with John Morley and Charles Trevelyan, resigned from the government. (1858-1943)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REburns.htm
Philip Snowden Open in a new browser window  
   National chairman of the Independent Labour Party. Wrote about his views on Christian Socialism, the Temperance Movement and economics issues in The Socialist's Budget, Old Age Pensions, Socialism and the Drink Question, Socialism and Teetotalism, and th
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REsnowden.htm
Arthur Henderson Open in a new browser window  
   Elected as a paid organizer of the Iron Founders Union. Main person responsible for Labour and the Nation, a pamphlet that attempted to clarify the political aims of the Labour Party. MP for Widnes in the House of Commons. (1863-1935)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhenderson.htm
Donald Soper Open in a new browser window  
   Joined the Labour Party and fiercely attacked capitalism and the arms trade. Other issues that concerned him included blood sports, child labor and inadequate state help for the poor. Wrote many books on Christianity, social questions, pacifism and inter
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsoper.htm
Hubert Bland Open in a new browser window  
   One of the founders of the Fabian Society. Rejected extremism and advocated what became known as gradualism. Joined the Independent Labour Party. Was an opponent of women's rights. (1855-1914)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbland.htm
Edith Nesbit Open in a new browser window  
   Author of 44 children's books, and regular lecturer and writer on socialism throughout the 1880s. Helped form the Fabian Society. Includes biography and a photo. (1858-1924)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUnesbit.htm
Sydney Olivier Open in a new browser window  
   Secretary of the Fabian Society. Contributed articles to its journal, Today. (1859-1943)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUoliver.htm
William Clarke Open in a new browser window  
   Joined the Fabian Society and contributed the article, the Industrial Basis of Socialism, to the book Essays in Fabian Socialism, edited by George Bernard Shaw. Wrote articles for the Spectator and the Economist.(1852-1901)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUclarke.htm
Henry Snell Open in a new browser window  
   Member of the Labour Party and represented Woolwich in London in the 1922 General Election. Converted to socialism and joined the Fabian Society. Became leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords. (1865-1944)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsnell.htm
George Bernard Shaw Open in a new browser window  
   Author, playwright and socialist. Became an active member of the Social Democratic Federation, the Fabian Society and the Socialist League. Wrote plays dealing with issues such as poverty and women's rights and implied that socialism could help solve th
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jshaw.htm
Sidney Webb Open in a new browser window  
   Member of the Fabian Society. Sought an end to the laissez-faire and urged the government to play a more active role in regulating the economy. Influenced the development of the Welfare State. Drafted the 1902 Education Act and was a strong critic of the
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbS.htm
Beatrice Webb Open in a new browser window  
   Writer of such books as The History of Trade Unionism and Industrial Democracy. She also helped found the London School of Economics and Political Science. Includes detailed history and accomplishments. (1858 - 1943)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbB.htm
H. G. Wells Open in a new browser window  
   Novelist and historian. Member of the Fabian Society for a short period. Argued that society had reached the stage where it needed world government and strongly supported the League of Nations that was established after the First World War. Includes ex
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jwells.htm
Walter Crane Open in a new browser window  
   Supported the Liberal Party. Developed socialistic views and spoke out in favor of the Communards who attempted to overthrow the French government in 1871. Acquired reputation as an illustrator, whose work appeared on posters, pamphlets, membership cards
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jcrane.htm
William Hewins Open in a new browser window  
   Was first director of the London School of Economics and held the post until 1903 when he resigned to work for Joseph Chamberlain and his tariff reform campaign. Elected as the MP for Hereford and in 1917 appointed as Under-Secretary of State for the Colo
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlewins.htm
Graham Wallas Open in a new browser window  
   Became one of the three leaders of the Fabian Society. Elected to the London School Board in 1894 and chaired its School Management Committee. Argued for the humanizing of modern life and believed that educators should pay more attention to human beings
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwallas.htm
Clifford Allen Open in a new browser window  
   Member and supporter of socialist and labour organizations, including the Fabian Society. Also noted as a pacifist who helped form the No-Conscription Fellowship (NCF), an organization that encouraged men to refuse war service. Refusing to serve in the B
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUallen.htm
James Ramsay MacDonald Open in a new browser window  
   Born in Scotland, he became leader of the Labour Party in 1911. Became Britain's first Labour prime minister in 1923 for one year, when his government fell. Was a pacifist and unwilling to support Britain's involvement in the First World War. (1866-1937).
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmacdonald.htm
Maud Pember Reeves Open in a new browser window  
   Active in a variety of women's organizations including the Women's Trade Union League, the NUWSS and the National Anti-Sweating League. A socialist and was active in the Fabian Society. (1865-1953)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHpember.htm
Edward Pease Open in a new browser window  
   Appointed secretary of the Fabian Society, a Socialist debating group. Member of the Independent Labour Party. Served on the Labour Representation Committee (named the Labour Party after 1906) and held the post for the next fourteen years. (1857-1955)
   http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUpease.htm
Bertrand Russell Open in a new browser window  
   Member of the Fabian Society and founding member of the Union of Democratic Control (UDC), the most important of the anti-war organizations during the First World War. Wrote Political Ideals: Roads to Fr