A Brief History of Cosmology
A review by David Wands of the development of cosmology, starting with the Babylonians.
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Cosmology.html
As the World Turned
History of sun-centered astronomy, includes original work of Galileo, Copernicus, others
http://math.dartmouth.edu/~matc/Readers/renaissance.astro/0.intro.html
History of Cosmology
An overview from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Cosmology.html
Inventing the Solar System
Early Greek scientists struggle to explain how the heavens move.
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Ellen/EarlyGkAstronomy.html
The Copernican Revolution
Brief historical chronology of the development and acceptance of heliocentricity.
http://www.skyscript.co.uk/copernicus.html
The Shapley - Curtis Debate in 1920
The "great debate" about the scale of the universe and the nature of spiral nebulae.
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate_1920.html
Thomas Aquinas and Big Bang Cosmology
The development of theological implications of scientific work on origin of the universe.
http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/ti/carroll.htm