Fourier - Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830)  
   Baron, mathematical physicist, French Revolution, a teacher, a secret policeman, a political prisoner, governor of Egypt, The Analytic Theory of Heat
   http://www.astro.gla.ac.uk/~davidk/fourier.htm

Fermat - Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665)  
   From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball.
   http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Fermat/RouseBall/RB_Fermat.html

Gauss - Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)  
   Gauss' Biography, Formulae, properties, Gauss' Life in Charts, Quotes, Doing a report on Gauss?, Works Cited List
   http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/2977/gauss/gauss.html

Abel - Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829)  
   Norwegian mathematician. Worked on elliptic functions and integrals, algebraic solution of equations and solubility by radicals.
   http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Abel.html

Cauchy - Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857)  
   (Catholic Encyclopedia) Theory of polyhedra, symmetrical functions, proof of a theorem of Fermat which had baffled mathematicians like Gauss and Euler.
   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03457a.htm

Plato (427-347 B.C.)  
   "... the reality which scientific thought is seeking must be expressible in mathematical terms, mathematics being the most precise and definite kind of thinking of which we are capable."
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Plato.html

Fibonacci - Who was Fibonacci? - Leonardo of Pisa (1175?-1250)  
   His names, mathematical contributions, Introducing the decimal number system into Europe, Fibonacci Series.
   http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibBio.html

d'Alembert - Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783)  
   Helped to resolve the controversy in mathematical physics over the conservation of kinetic energy by improving Newton's definition of force.
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/D'Alembert.html

Cramer - Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752)  
   Best known for his work on determinants, made contributions to the study of algebraic curves.
   http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Cramer.html

Dedekind, Richard (1831-1916)  
   study of CONTINUITY and definition of the real numbers in terms of Dedekind "cuts", the nature of number and mathematical induction, definition of finite and infinite sets; algebraic number fields, concept of RINGS.
   http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/dedekind.html

Galois, Évariste (1811-1832)  
   Galois theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the general solution of equations, group theory, method of determining when a general equation could be solved by radicals, solved many long-standing unanswered questions.
   http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Galois.html

Pell, John (1611-1685)  
   Worked on algebra and number theory, gave a table of factors of all integers up to 100000 in 1668. Pell's equation is y^2 = ax^2 + 1, where a is a non-square integer.
   http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Pell.html

Schmidt, Erhard (1876-1959)  
   Main research was functional analysis, doctorate was obtained under Hilbert's supervision, main interest was in integral equations and Hilbert space, best remembered for the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process.
   http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Schmidt.html

Zermelo - Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (1871-1953)  
   Zermelo in 1908 was the first to attempt an axiomatisation of set theory
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zermelo.html

Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782)  
   Most important work considered the basic properties of fluid flow, pressure, density and velocity, and gave their fundamental relationship now known as Bernoulli's principle.
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Daniel.html

Bessel - Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846)  
   Catalogued stars, predicted a planet beyond Uranus as well as the existence of dark stars, investigated Johann Kepler's problem of heliocentricity, and systematized the mathematical functions involved, which now bear his name.
   http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_bessel.html

Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789-1857)  
   Cauchy contributed to almost every branch of mathematics. He is probably best known for his important contributions to real and complex analysis.
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cauchy.html

Chebyshev - Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894)  
   Work on prime numbers included the determination of the number of primes not exceeding a given number, wrote an important book on the theory of congruences, proved that there was always at least one prime between n and 2n for n > 3.
   http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Chebyshev.html

Diophantus of Alexandria (c. 200-284 )  
   Best known for his Arithmetica, a work on the theory of numbers, a collection of 130 problems giving numerical solutions of determinate equations.
   http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Diophantus.html

Dirichlet - Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859)  
   Proved that in any arithmetic progression with first term coprime to the difference there are infinitely many primes, units in algebraic number theory, ideals, proposed the modern definition of a function.
   http://turnbull.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Dirichlet.html

Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich (1777-1855)  
   One of the all-time greats, Gauss began to show his mathematical brilliance at the early age of seven. He is usually credited with the first proof of The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gauss.html

Lambert - Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728 - 1777)  
   In a memoir in 1768 on transcendental magnitudes he proved that pi is incommensurable.
   http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Lambert/RouseBall/RB_Lambert.html

Fibonacci Mathematics  
   Life and work of Leonardo of Pisa, by Dr. Peter Reimers.
   http://vp-reimers.bei.t-online.de/

Oughtred, William (1574-1660)  
   Best known for the invention of an early form of the slide rule.
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Oughtred.html

Peirce, Benjamin (1809-1880)  
   Life and work of 19th century mathematician and philosopher of mathematics; by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce-benjamin/

Al-Sabi Thabit ibn Qurra al-Harrani  
   Gives information on background and contributions to non-euclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, number theory and the field of statics. Was an important translator of Greek materials, including Euclid's Elements, during the Middle Ages.
   http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Thabit.html

Galois - The Evariste Galois Archive  
   Includes personal biography, explanation of his theory and related links.
   http://www.galois-group.net/

Archimedes (c. 287 B.C.-212 B.C.)  
   (Encyclopedia.com) Greek mathematician, physicist, and inventor.
   http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/a/archimedes.asp

Kolmogorov, Andrei Nikolaevich (1903-1987)  
   Worked on trigonometric series, set theory, integration analysis, constructive logic, topology, approximation methods, probability, statistics, random processes, information theory, dynamical systems, algorithms, celestial mechanics, Hilbert's 13th probl
   http://www.cwi.nl/~paulv/KOLMOGOROV.BIOGRAPHY.html

The History of Mathematics  
   Collection of original papers of Berkeley, Hamilton, Riemann, Boole, Cantor, and Newton. Includes background and notes. Maintained by David R. Wilkins from Trinity College, Dublin
   http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/

Grassmann, Hermann - 1862  
   Explains the published paper called Ausdehnungslehre, which translates to "Theory of Extension". The purpose is to create a universal type of geometric calculus. This development is used in linear and non-linear algebra, today.
   http://www.maths.utas.edu.au/People/dfs/Papers/GrassmannTranslation/node3.html

Biographies of Women Mathematicians  
   On-going project by students in mathematics classes at Agnes Scott College, in Atlanta, Georgia.
   http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/women.htm

Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (1903-1987)  
   The most prominent twentieth-century mathematician.
   http://kolmogorov.com/Kolmogorov.html

Galois, Evariste  
   Biography in the St Andres archive.
   http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Galois.html

Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci  
   Biography and pictures of the most important mathematician of the Middle Ages.
   http://www.leonardfibonacci.com/fibonacci/

Who was Ptolemy?  
   Claudius (Ptolemaues) Ptolemy (c. 87-150), one of the most infuential Greek astronomers, geographers and mathematicians.
   http://library.thinkquest.org/19029/history200.html