Battlefield of the Future - 21st Century Warfare Issues  
   Study on future principles of war, military affairs, air power, plus information and biological war. From the U.S. Air Force.
   http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/battle/bftoc.html

Nanotechnology and International Security  
   How technologies emerging over the coming decades will undermine military stability while causing economic and political turmoil. The need to move beyond deterrence to an integrated international security system. Article by Mark Avrum Gubrud, Center for S
   http://www.foresight.org/Conferences/MNT05/Papers/Gubrud/index.html

Strategies for Peace in the 21st Century: An Online Course  
   Discusses U.S. policy options and alternatives in order to make the world more peaceful.
   http://www.qvctc.commnet.edu/millennium/peace/coursead.html

Violent Conflict in the 21st Century: Causes, Instruments, and Mitigation  
   Collection of essays including 'The New Evils of the 21st Century' by Robert D. Kaplan; 'Weapons of Mass Destruction and Physical Heritage of the Cold War' by W.K.H. Panofsky and 'Group Loyalty and Ethnic Violence' by Donald L. Horowitz. [PDF]
   http://www.amacad.org/publications/violent.htm

May the Smartest Machine Win: Warfare in the 21st Century  
   Article from Raymond Kurzweil on future methods of fighting, including pilotless planes and thinking machines. Published in 1993.
   http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0248.html

Information Warfare  
   Articles about information warfare, nanowar, and other future conflict scenarios from Plausible Futures Newsletter.
   http://www.plausiblefutures.com/index.php?cat=6694a

Conflict in a Changing World: Looking Two Decades Forward  
   A view of conflict and its strategic environment two decades ahead. Author: C.J. Dick. Published by The Conflict Studies Research Centre, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, UK, 2002.
   http://www.csrc.ac.uk/pdfs/M25-cjd.pdf

Has Warfare Changed? Sorting Apples from Oranges  
   States the difference between the conduct of war and the nature of war, and its practical consequences in the information age. Author: James M.Dubik, Landpower Essay, Institute of Landwarfare, July 2002. [PDF]
   http://www.ausa.org/PDFdocs/lpe02-3.pdf

The Network Is the Battlefield  
   The Pentagon's aim is to meld weapons systems and people into a whole, called network-centric warfare, that's greater than the sum of its parts. From Business Week Online, January 2003.
   http://www.businessweek.com/print/technology/content/jan2003/tc2003017_2464.htm?tc&sub=03miltech

Swarming - The Next Face of the Battle  
   Technological advances often give rise to new types of weapons, but the achievement of lasting breakthroughs in fighting power requires organizational and doctrinal innovation. Opinion article by J. Arquilla and D. Ronfeldt, Aviation Week & Space Tech
   http://www.rand.org/commentary/100703AWST.html

Chinese Views of Future Warfare  
   Collection of articles about doctrine of future types and causes of warfare, future threats of security environment, short-term future challenges for possible local war, and long-term future warfare from the point of view of several Chinese authors. Publi
   http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/chinview/chinacont.html

Future Directions in Warfare: Good and Bad Analysis, Dubious Rhetoric, and the Fog of Peace  
   The changes required in US military to cope with the set of challenges that the early 21st will pose, by Glenn C. Buchan, RAND, for the Conference on Analyzing Conflict: Insights from the Natural and Social Sciences, UCLA, April 2003. [PDF]
   http://fac.cgu.edu/~zakp/conferences/AC/papers/Buchan.pdf

Historical Perspectives on Future War  
   Shows how thinking deeply about the future of war requires careful reflection on its past, by Robert F. Baumann, 1997.
   http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/baumann-marapr97.htm

Past and Future of Nuclear War  
   Transcript of a talk given at American University, April 2002, with edits.
   http://www.ieer.org/comments/dsmt/auspeech.html

Warfare in the 21st Century  
   Books, documents, articles and web sites. References gathered in a selected bibliography compiled by Jane E. Gibish, U.S. Army War College Library, July 2003.
   http://carlisle-www.army.mil/library/bibs/warfar03.htm

Watch on the West: War and Strategy in the 21st Century  
   Describes how events in the Twenty-first Century will test the limits to American strength but not its fundamentals and postulates that these tests will underscore the inability of technology to overcome all challenges, by Jeremy Black, February 2002.
   http://www.fpri.org/ww/0304.200202.black.warandstrategy21stcentury.html

Chemical and Biological Warfare in the 21st Century  
   The zigzag evolution of chemical and biological weapons in the 20th century give causes for both optimism and pessimism in the course it will take in the 21st, by Greg Goebel, Jun 2003.
   http://www.vectorsite.net/twgas5.html

Future War  
   Examines the performance of U.S. forces in three major post-Cold War military conflicts to identify commonalities and trends that may have implications for the conduct of warfare in the early 21st Century. Authored by The Analysis Center, Northrop Grumman [PDF]
   http://www.capitol.northgrum.com/files/NGACP_0103.pdf

The War Next Time: Countering Rogue States and Terrorists Armed with Chemical and Biological Weapons  
   A compilation of articles by several authors about how future wars are expected to be. Barry R. Schneider and Jim A. Davis, Editors, USAF Counterproliferation Center, April 2004.
   http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cpc-pubs/war_next_time/cover.htm

Fourth Generation Warfare: How Tactics of the Weak Confound the Strong  
   Postulates that today's global environment is defined by the 4th Generation War reality, with nation-states confronting criminal enterprises, fanatical opportunists, and terrorists whose gang-like networks transcend national boundaries. All these actors o
   http://d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c490.htm

War in the 21st Century  
   The analysis states the need of assuming an increasingly difficult and conflict-ridden international environment as the Century develops, with most forms of war and military intervention occurring. Terrorists and rebels directed against the West and elite
   http://www.londonconsortium.com/hirst/w21c.doc

Fourth Generation Warfare  
   Slide show that summarizes the key aspects of asymmetric conflicts, by Greg Wilcox and G.I. Wilson for Boyd Comference, 2002. [PDF]
   http://d-n-i.net/fcs/pdf/4GW_wilson-wilcox_boyd_conf_2002.pdf

Bury Cold War Mindset: Fourth Generation Warfare Rewrites Military Strategy  
   Article by Jack Shanahan, Chet Richards and Franklin Spinney, 2002. Describes fourth-generation warfare that pits nations against non-national organizations or networks that include not only fundamentalist extremists, but also ethnic factions, mafias and
   http://www.cdi.org/mrp/4GW.cfm

The Revenge of the Melians: Asymmetric Threats and the Next QDR  
   An assessment of future security environment for 2025, by Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr., National Defense University, McNair Paper 62, 2000.
   http://www.ndu.edu/inss/McNair/mcnair62/m62cvr.html

Nation-State Failure: A Recurring Phenomenon?  
   Analyzes the weakness and failure of nation-states as a potential source of future conflicts. Essay by Robert Rotberg, for NIC 2020 Project, Inaugural Workshop, November 2003. [PDF]
   http://www.odci.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_2020_Support/2003_11_06_papers/panel2_nov6.pdf

Military Role in Countering Terrorist Use of WMD  
   The article shows how the end of the Cold War created a new-world order and presented new challenges for future leaders, such as countering the ever growing terrorist threat. Accompanying this threat is a proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, now
   http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cpc-pubs/dickinson.htm

The Kingdom of Chaos or What Hath the Great Subversive Wrought?  
   The article describes the state of chaos of the post-Cold War world, with a steady increase of entropy and anomie, and a crisis of former models of leadership. Also, analyzes the nature of future conflicts and the role of United States and Europe as key p
   http://www.centrotocqueville.org.ar/htm/htm/nab/nb10050401in.htm

The Future of War and the American Military  
   Shows how the process of developing and building new weapons, as does the process of recruiting and training new military officers takes decades, so that, leaders need to be futurists by making statements, implicitly or explicitly, about what they think w
   http://www.harvardmagazine.com/on-line/050218.html

Global Challenges for the 21st Century: Nonproliferation and Arms Control  
   Remarks by John Gannon from the National Intelligence Council to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, about the globalization of the security environment and the implications for counterproliferation, May 2000. [PDF]
   http://www.nti.org/e_research/official_docs/cia/53100CIA.pdf

Biotechnology and Water Security in the 21st Century  
   A report about the future consequences of water scarcity worldwide. It states the urgency of confronting the potential crisis and conflicts on all fronts, from research to policy and action. By Panel on Biotechnology of the World Commission on Water for t [PDF]
   http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/Vision/Documents/Biotech-report.PDF

From Kadesh to Kandahar: Military Theory and the Future of War.  
   The challenges of post-modern war from a multidimensional point of view, by Michael Evans, Naval War College Review, Summer 2003.
   http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2003/Summer/pdfs/art6-su3.pdf

The Changing Face of War: Into the Fourth Generation  
   An article that intends to anticipate what the future conflicts will be like. Introduces the concept of fourth generation war. By William S. Lind, Keith Nightengale, John F. Schmitt, Joseph W. Sutton and Gary I. Wilson, published in Marine Corps Gazette,
   http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/4th_gen_war_gazette.htm

Changing the Paradigm of the War  
   A paper about the nature of fourth generation warfare and the form it may take in Middle East. By Steve Daskal, November 2003.
   http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/daskal_changing_paradigms.htm

NIC - 2020 Project  
   Information about a research project aimed at covering influences that would shape the world to the year 2020. Contains papers about the nature of future conflicts. Sponsored by the US National Intelligence Council.
   http://www.cia.gov/nic/NIC_2020_project.html

Will Special Ops Success Change the Face of War?  
   The role of U.S. special operations forces in future conflicts explained by a number of specialists. Author: Harold Kennedy, National Defense Magazine, Feb 2002.
   http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/article.cfm?Id=721

Welcome to the Postmodern Warfare Era  
   An anticipatory article by David Isenberg, October 2000.
   http://www.speakout.com/activism/opinions/2973-1.html

Thinking Asymmetrically in Times of Terror  
   An approach to the better understanding of asymmetric threats. By Colin S. Gray, Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 2002.
   http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/02spring/gray.htm

All Possible Wars? Towards a Consensus View of the Future Security Environment, 2001-2025  
   Sam Tangredi presents a set of assumptions and possible scenarios about the future security environment for the next 25 years. National Defense University, USA. McNair Paper No. 63, November 2000.
   http://www.ndu.edu/inss/McNair/mcnair63/m63cvr.html

Homeland Security: The New Role for Defense  
   Shows the change of US strategic vision of national and global security after September 11 attacks, by Steven J. Tomisek. Strategic Forum No.189, February 2002.
   http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF189/sf189.htm

A 21st. Century Security Architecture for the Americas: Multilateral Cooperation, Liberal Peace and Soft Power.  
   A paper showing a response to the question of "How can the United States best develop security cooperation within the Americas?" by Col. Joseph R. Nunez. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, August 2002.
   http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pubs/display.cfm/hurl/PubID=15

A Military for the 21st Century: Lessons from the Recent Past  
   A study about the required post-Cold War military transformation which takes into account the changing nature of war and the experiences of past conflicts. By Anthony C. Zinni, Strategic Forum, US National Defense University, July 2001.
   http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF181/sf181.htm

The New Craft of Intelligence: Achieving Asymmetric Advantage in the Face of Non Traditional Threats  
   A paper where the author, Robert M. Steele, examines two paradigm shifts--one in relation to the threat and a second in relation to intelligence methods-- while offering a new model for threat analysis and a new model for intelligence operations in non-tr
   http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pubs/display.cfm/hurl/PubID=217

Globalization and the Nature of War  
   The article shows how globalization is enhancing the role of political guidance and changing the nature of war. Author: Antulio Echevarria II. Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) of the US Army War College, 2003.
   http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=215&CFID=56652&CFTOKEN=42523302

Fighting in the Gray Zone. A Strategy to Close the Preemption Gap.  
   The US 2002 National Security Strategy (NSS) identified the proliferation, privatization, and acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist groups and rogue states as the critical nontraditional threat of the 21st century. Published in September
   http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pubs/display.cfm/hurl/PubID=412

Toward the 21st Century: Trends in Post-Cold War International Security  
   Addresses key changes since the Cold War ended, lessons, current problems and issues. Commissioned by the Swiss Ministry of Defense, 1998.
   http://www.isn.ethz.ch/pubs/ph/details.cfm?r_oID=6810&sid=C119C06DD2C2184ABE6A5EF90547BC05