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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (303)

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http://plato.stanford.edu/
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Open in a new browser windowEditor's Pick
   Online philosophy reference work, articles are authored and updated by experts in the field. Edited by Edward Zalta.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/

Web Sites In this Category:

Church-Turing Thesis Open in a new browser window  
   Jack Copeland of the University of Canterbury, New Zealand outlines this frequently misunderstood thesis.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing/
Bosanquet, Bernard Open in a new browser window  
   William Sweet of St. Francis Xavier University introduces the absolute idealist.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bosanquet/
Bradley, F. H. Open in a new browser window  
   By Stewart Candlish of the University of Western Australia.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bradley/
Logical Constructions Open in a new browser window  
   Bernard Linsky, University of Alberta.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logical-construction/
Category Theory Open in a new browser window  
   Jean-Pierre Marquis of the University of Montreal introduces the general mathematical theory of structures and systems of structures.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/category-theory/
Cognitive Science Open in a new browser window  
   The study of mind and intelligence. By Paul Thagard of the University of Waterloo.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/
Color Open in a new browser window  
   Metaphysical and epistemological accounts of color. By Barry Maund of the University of Western Australia.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/color/
Connectionism Open in a new browser window  
   Movement in cognitive science which hopes to explain human intellectual abilities using artificial neural networks. By James W. Garson of the University of Houston.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/connectionism/
Donald Davidson Open in a new browser window  
   Jeff Malpas of the University of Tamania.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/davidson/
Dialetheism Open in a new browser window  
   Dialeth(e)ism is the view that there are true contradictions. By Graham Priest of the University of Queensland.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dialetheism/
Existence Open in a new browser window  
   By Barry Miller.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existence/
Paul Feyerabend Open in a new browser window  
   Biographical and expository essay by John Preston of Reading University.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feyerabend/
Gottlob Frege Open in a new browser window  
   Edward N. Zalta of the Metaphysics Research Lab.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege/
Game Theory Open in a new browser window  
   Von Neumann and Morgensterns mathematical theory of bargaining, introduced by Don Ross University of Cape Town.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/game-theory/
Hegel, G. W. F. Open in a new browser window  
   Paul Redding of the University of Sydney.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel/
Holes Open in a new browser window  
   Short article by Roberto Casati of the École Polytechnique and Achille C. Varzi of Columbia.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/holes/
Søren Kierkegaard Open in a new browser window  
   Essay about Kierkegaard's life, work, and philosophy by William McDonald.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard/
The Identity of Indiscernibles Open in a new browser window  
   Peter Forrest introduces the principle of analytic ontology formulated by Leibniz, stating that no two distinct substances exactly resemble each other.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-indiscernible/
The Language of Thought Hypothesis Open in a new browser window  
   By Murat Aydede, surveying the arguments for and against the proposition that thoughts are expressed in a mental language.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/language-thought/
Liberalism Open in a new browser window  
   Gerald F. Gaus outlines the general philosophical theory of liberalism.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberalism/
Arthur Prior Open in a new browser window  
   Detailed biographical article by B. Jack Copeland of the University of Canterbury.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/prior/
Maritain, Jacques Open in a new browser window  
   By William Sweet of St. Francis Xavier University.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/maritain/
Miracles Open in a new browser window  
   Exploring Hume's argument and the religious significance. By Michael P. Levine of the University of Western Australia.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/miracles/
Mental Imagery Open in a new browser window  
   By Nigel Thomas of Leeds University.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/
Friedrich Nietzsche Open in a new browser window  
   Robert Wicks, University of Auckland.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/
Multiple Realizability Open in a new browser window  
   John Bickle discusses the contention that a given mental kind (property, state, event) is realized by distinct physical kinds.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/multiple-realizability/
Ontological Arguments Open in a new browser window  
   Ontological arguments are arguments, for the conclusion that God exists, from premisses which are supposed to derive from some source other than observation of the world. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Graham Oppy.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/
Original Position Open in a new browser window  
   The original position is a hypothetical situation in which rational calculators, acting as agents or trustees for the interests of concrete individuals, are pictured as choosing those principles of social relations under which their principals would do be
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/
Pantheism Open in a new browser window  
   Definition of Pantheism by Michael P. Levine of the University of Western Australia.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pantheism/
Pascal's wager Open in a new browser window  
   An argument due to Blaise Pascal for believing, or for at least taking steps to believe, in God. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Alan Hájek.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal-wager/
Karl Popper Open in a new browser window  
   By Stephen Thornton from the University of Limerick.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/
Principia Mathematica Open in a new browser window  
   Entry by A.D. Irvine discussing Russell and Whitehead's treatise.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/principia-mathematica/
Prisoner's Dilemma Open in a new browser window  
   By Steven T. Kuhn of Georgetown University.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/prisoner-dilemma/
Private Language Open in a new browser window  
   By Stewart Candlish from the University of Western Australia.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/private-language/
Qualia Open in a new browser window  
   Qualia are introspectively accessible, phenomenal aspects of our mental lives. By Michael Tye.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia/
Russell, Bertrand Open in a new browser window  
   By A. D. Irvine.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/
Russell's Paradox Open in a new browser window  
   By A. D. Irvine.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell-paradox/
Wilfrid Sellars Open in a new browser window  
   By Jay F. Rosenberg.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/
Sorites Paradox Open in a new browser window  
   By Dominic Hyde.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sorites-paradox/
Square of Opposition Open in a new browser window  
   By Terence Parsons.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/square/
Stoicism Open in a new browser window  
   Stoicism was one of the new philosophical movements of the Hellenistic period. By Dirk Baltzly.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stoicism/
Thought Experiments Open in a new browser window  
   By James Robert Brown, University of Toronto.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thought-experiment/
Tropes Open in a new browser window  
   An article describing tropes by John Bacon.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tropes/
Turing Machine Open in a new browser window  
   Article on Turing Machines from the Stanford Encyclopedia.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/
Vagueness Open in a new browser window  
   By Roy Sorensen.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/vagueness/
Alfred North Whitehead Open in a new browser window  
   By A. D. Irvine.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/whitehead/
Thomas Aquinas Open in a new browser window  
   Biographical and expository essay, by Ralph McInerny.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aquinas/
Artifact Open in a new browser window  
   By Risto Hilpinen of the University of Miami.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/artifact/
Aristotle's Political Theory Open in a new browser window  
   By Fred D. Miller, Jr of Bowling Green State University.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/
Medieval Theories of Conscience Open in a new browser window  
   The ability to act on the determinations of conscience is tied to the development of the moral virtues, which in turn refines the functions of conscience. By Doug Langston of the University of South Florida.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/conscience-medieval/
Causal Processes Open in a new browser window  
   Bertrand Russell, Wesley Salmon, and conserved quantities. By Phil Dowe of the University of Tasmania.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-process/
Probabilistic Causation Open in a new browser window  
   "Probabilistic Causation" designates a group of philosophical theories that aim to characterize the relationship between cause and effect using the tools of probability theory. A primary motivation for the development of such theories is the de
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-probabilistic/
Animal Consciousness Open in a new browser window  
   By Colin Allen of Texas A & M, addressing the qualitative or phenomenological nature of experience.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-animal/
Cosmology and Theology Open in a new browser window  
   Deals with the cosmological argument. By John Leslie of the University of Guelph.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmology-theology/
Descartes' Epistemology Open in a new browser window  
   By Lex Newman of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/
Mental Representation Open in a new browser window  
   According to the Representational Theory of Mind, psychological states are to be understood as relations between agents and mental representations. By David Pitt, CUNY.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-representation/
Saint Augustine Open in a new browser window  
   By Michael Mendelson of Lehigh University.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/
Aristotle's Logic Open in a new browser window  
   Survey of Aristotle's logical work, focus on the "Organon," syllogistic, and dialectic. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Robin Smith.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/
Modal Logic Open in a new browser window  
   Originally the study of deductive behavior of the expressions `it is necessary that' and `it is possible that', now also includes logics for belief, tense, the deontic (moral) expressions. By James W. Garson, University of Houston.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-modal/
Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification Open in a new browser window  
   Survey of theories according to which knowledge and justified belief rest ultimately on a foundation of noninferential knowledge or justified belief. By Richard Fumerton of the University of Iowa.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justep-foundational
Time Travel and Modern Physics Open in a new browser window  
   Survey of philosophical woories about inconsistencies inherent in the idea of time travel in the context of modern physics. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Tim Maudlin.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-travel-phys/
Propositional Attitude Reports Open in a new browser window  
   Explores semantic accounts of propositional attitude reports, and some of the theories developed to deal with Frege's puzzle. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Thomas J. McKay.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/prop-attitude-reports/
Identity and Individuality in Quantum Theory Open in a new browser window  
   Assesses the metaphysical implications of quantum theory by considering the impact of the theory on our understanding of objects as individuals with well defined identity conditions. By Steven French of Leeds University.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-idind/
War Open in a new browser window  
   Article on the ethics of war and peace, the Just War theory, and pacificsm. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Brian D. Orend.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/war/
Infinitary Logic Open in a new browser window  
   Infinitary Logic is a branch of formal logic where finitary formulae are replaced by potentially infinitary mathematical entities. By John L. Bell.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-infinitary/
William Godwin Open in a new browser window  
   Article on the life and work of the founder of philosophical anarchism. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Mark Philp.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/godwin/
The Identity Theory of Mind Open in a new browser window  
   Evaluates the theory that holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. By J. J. C. Smart of Monash.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-identity/
Aristotle's Psychology Open in a new browser window  
   Recounts the principal and distinctive claims of Aristotle's psychological writings, especially "De Anima." By Christopher Shields of the University of Colorado.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-psychology/
Temporal Logic Open in a new browser window  
   The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on the subject, with a detailed description, application areas and a bibliography.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-temporal/
Medieval Theories of Analogy Open in a new browser window  
   By E. Jennifer Ashworth of the University of Waterloo.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analogy-medieval/
Divine Illumination Open in a new browser window  
   Augustine's doctrine described by Robert Pasnau of the University of Colorado.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/illumination/
Peter John Olivi Open in a new browser window  
   Life and work of one of the most original and interesting philosophers of the later Middle Ages. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Robert Pasnau.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/olivi/
Logical Form Open in a new browser window  
   Introduction to logical form, surface and deep meaning. By Paul M. Pietroski, University of Maryland.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logical-form/
Measurement in Quantum Theory Open in a new browser window  
   Study of the details and some of the implications of the measurement problem. By Henry Krips of the University of Pittsburgh.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-measurement/
Medieval Theories of Practical Reason Open in a new browser window  
   From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Anthony Celano.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/practical-reason-med
Properties Open in a new browser window  
   Entry in the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy by Chris Swoyer. Principally concerned with existence and identity conditions.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties/
Intuitionistic Logic Open in a new browser window  
   The principles L. E. J. Brouwer used in developing his intuitionistic mathematics. By Joan R. Moschovakis, UCLA.
   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-intuitionistic/